Distinction, n.
Etymology: [L. distinctio: cf. F. distinction.]
1. A marking off by visible signs; separation into parts; division. [Obs.] The distinction of tragedy into acts was not known. Dryden.
2. The act of distinguishing or denoting the differences between objects, or the qualities by which one is known from others; exercise of discernment; discrimination. To take away therefore that error, which confusion breedeth, distinction is requisite. Hooker.
3. That which distinguishes one thing from another; distinguishing quality; sharply defined difference; as, the distinction between real and apparent good. The distinction betwixt the animal kingdom and the inferior parts of matter. Locke.
4. Estimation of difference; regard to differences or distinguishing circumstance. Maids, women, wives, without distinction, fall. Dryden.
2 more senses
5. Conspicuous station; eminence; superiority; honorable estimation; as, a man of distinction. Your country's own means of distinction and defense. D. Webster.
Syn. -- Difference; variation, variety; contrast; diversity; contrariety; disagreement; discrimination; preference; superiority; rank; note; eminence.
Shades of meaning
Fernald has no entry of its own for distinction; he lists it under characteristic, difference, fame.
Where he writes about it:
A difference is in the things compared; a discrimination is in our judgment of them; a distinction is in our definition or description or mental image of them. — from difference
Eminence and distinction may result from rank, station, or character. — from fame