Depth, n.
Etymology: [From Deep; akin to D. diepte, Icel. d, d, Goth. diupi.]
1. The quality of being deep; deepness; perpendicular measurement downward from the surface,or horizontal measurement backward from the front; as, the depth of a river; the depth of a body of troops.
2. Profoundness; extent or degree of intensity; abundance; completeness; as, depth of knowledge, or color. Mindful of that heavenly love Which knows no end in depth or height. Keble.
3. Lowness; as, depth of sound.
4. That which is deep; a deep, or the deepest, part or place; the deep; the middle part; as, the depth of night, or of winter. From you unclouded depth above. Keble. The depth closed me round about. Jonah ii. 5.
5 more senses
5. (Logic)
The number of simple elements which an abstract conception or notion includes; the comprehension or content.
6. (Horology)
A pair of toothed wheels which work together. [R.]
Depth of a sail (Naut.), the extent of a square sail from the head rope to the foot rope; the length of the after leach of a staysail or boom sail; -- commonly called the drop of sail.
Shades of meaning
Fernald has no entry of its own for depth; he lists it under wisdom.
Where he writes about it:
Insight, judgment, profundity or depth, reason, sagacity, sense, and understanding are native qualities of mind, tho capable of increase by cultivation. — from wisdom