Aged, a.
1. Old; having lived long; having lived almost to or beyond the usual time allotted to that species of being; as, an aged man; an aged oak.
2. Belonging to old age. "Aged cramps." Shak.
3. Having a certain age; at the age of; having lived; as, a man aged forty years.
Shades of meaning
Fernald has no entry of its own for aged; he lists it under old.
Where he writes about it:
New is opposed to old, modern to ancient, recent to remote, young to old, aged, etc. — from new
Aged applies chiefly to long-extended human life. — from old
One may be aged and neither decrepit nor senile. — from old